Sampling & Sampling Distribution Series # 2


 




Sampling & Sampling Distribution

Population Parameter  :
                               A measure of location or a measure of dispersion is called a parameter if it describes a

 population. One seldom has data for entire population and hence one rarely is able to calculate population

 parameters. Characteristics of the part infers Characteristics of the whole.

Standard Notation :

  Sample statistics :   It refers to a characteristics of  a sample. It is denoted by lower case roman
 letter.

Population Parameter :  It  refers to a characteristics of as sample. It is denoted by lower case Greek letters.
                       
Selection Bias :
                       Selection bias when some part of target population is not in the sampled population.

Measurement Bias :
                         Measurement bias occurs when measuring instrument has a tendency to differ from the true
 vale in one direction.

  Sampling Error : 
                        Sampling error result from taking one sample instead of examining the whole population.

 Sampling errors are usually reported in probabilistic term. Difference between a sample statistics and

 corresponding parameter is called sampling error. Fr Example Sampling Error 

Non Sampling Error : 
                             Selection bias & measurement bias refer to non-sampling errors. They are not attributed to 
sample variability.
  
Census :
        A census studies every member of a population. Census evaluation parameter of the population under
 study.

Sample Survey :
               A sample survey is a study of a sample. It estimates characteristics of a population, the sample came from.

Sampling Design : 
                Sampling design mainly decided the sample size and sampling techniques for a survey  sample.

A sample design is the framework or road map that serves as the basis for the selection of a survey sample.

 Sampling design affects all the important aspects of a sample survey. 

                   




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